Anesthetic concerns for masculinization and feminization procedures of the airway and face include bleeding, injury to the airway, and other perioperative challenges. Transgender procedures of the airway and face often require advanced airway techniques. Following airway surgery, patients are at an increased risk for tracheal stenosis or perforation, glottic stenosis, vocal cord damage or dysfunction, and/or dysphagia. Additionally, transgender patients may undergo hormone therapy to achieve their gender goals.

Providers should be aware of the implications associated with administration of hormones such as thromboembolic events, cardiovascular effects, and changes in various laboratory values. A knowledge of novel surgical procedures, medical therapies, and the psychosocial implications associated with transition is essential for the safe, comprehensive, and holistic care of the transgender patient. 

Learning Outcome:

Stephany Amendola, RN, BSN
Nicole Stemmler, RN, BSN
Marianne Cosgrove, PhD, DNAP, CRNA, APRN, FAANA
Filomena Ruggiero, DNP, CRNA, APRN

Accreditation Information:
The American Association of Nurse Anesthesiology is accredited as a provider of continuing nursing education by the American Nurses Credentialing Center's Commission on Accreditation. 

AANA is an approved provider by the California Board of Registered Nursing, CEP #10862.

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