No single anesthetic plan has been found to be safer than another in patients with MD. Intravenous and volatile anesthetics should be titrated incrementally while monitoring anesthetic depth clinically or via processed electroencephalogram (EEG). All MD patients should be optimized by minimizing fasting times, careful fluid selection to avoid lactate, and hypervigilant temperature management aimed at reducing the detrimental effects of catabolic stress during the perioperative period.

Learning Outcome(s):

1. Identify common symptomatology of mitochondrial disease. 
2. Discuss the preanesthetic evaluation of the patient with mitochondrial disease.
3. Design an intraoperative management plan for the patient with mitochondrial disease.  
4. Review the process of mitochondrial respiration.   
5. Evaluate the impact of individual anesthetic agents on mitochondrial function.   

This program has been prior approved by the American Association of Nurse Anesthesiology for 1.00 Class A CE credits; Code Number 1042048; Expiration Date 4/13/2025.

Kara M. Brody, DNAP, CRNA

Accreditation Information:
The American Association of Nurse Anesthesiology is accredited as a provider of continuing nursing education by the American Nurses Credentialing Center's Commission on Accreditation. 

AANA is an approved provider by the California Board of Registered Nursing, CEP #10862.

Disclosure Statement:
Any relevant relationship between an ineligible company and an individual with the ability to influence clinical content will be identified by the Nurse Planner within the activity. Any relevant relationship between an ineligible company and an individual with the ability to influence clinical content has been mitigated.

Post-Test Attempt Notice:
A minimum passing score of 80% is required to pass this course. You have TWO opportunities to achieve a passing score. If you fail to achieve a passing score of 80%, you will not receive CE credit for this course.

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Refund Policy:
Continuing education activities are nonrefundable.